• In recent times, there has been a rapid growth in the rate of urbanization due to growth of cities spread over big areas.
• With the evolution of cities, evolved the problem of narrow roads, traffic jams, water and electricity shortage, crowded hospitals and lack of basic civic amenities.
• Some children broke a tubelight on the street. They ran to the municipal office where they were told that it was maintained by the municipality.
• Municipality:
(i) A municipality is either in the form of a Municipal Committee or Municipal Council. It is found in towns and small cities.
(ii) All citizens who are of 18 years and above can vote in the elections. The candidates who wish to contest elections must be 21 years or above.
(iii) Seats are reserved for SC/ST and 33% seats are reserved for women.
(iv) The Council is headed by a Councillor. Big cities consist of Municipal Corporation.
(v) The chief executive officer of the Municipal Corporation is called Municipal Commissioner.
(vi) The day-to-day work of Municipality is carried out with a number of committees.
(vii) The Municipal Corporation provides for hospitals, public utilities, record of births and
deaths and builds roads, bridges, etc.
(viii) Sometimes, community protests to the municipality to take immediate action of their problems.
(ix) Since loads of municipality have increased, workload of municipality is being shared by private contractors.
(x) Surat city has set a role model for controlling epidemics like situation.
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