• Weather: Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place influenced by factors like humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc.
• Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere and is measured by a hygrometer.
• Sun causes all weather changes.
• Climate: It is the average weather conditions at a specific place over a much longer period of time.
• Factor affecting climate:
(i) Amount of sunshine
(ii) Whether the region is hilly or a plain
(iii) Distance from the sea
(iv) Direction of prevailing winds from the sea side brings rain to coastal areas and dry weather to inland areas.
(v) Ocean currents.
(vi) Distance from the equator.
• Adaptations to Climate: The features and habits that help animals to live in a habitat are called adaptations.
• Three regions are classified according to adaptation:
(i) Polar Regions: Polar regions have extreme climate. Sun does not rise at poles for 6 months and does not set for the other 6 months.
(ii) Tropical Rainforest: Have hot summers and plenty of rainfall. Days and nights are almost equal in length throughout the year.
(iii) Desert: Have extreme climate. Receive less rainfall and large amount of sunlight.
• Migration:
(i) It is the mass movement of animals, mostly birds, from colder places to warmer regions to escape the cold, to breed or due to shortage of food.
(ii) Birds are guided by the sun during the day and the stars at night.
(iii) Example: Siberian crane comes to India from Siberia every year.
